Tuesday, 19 August 2014

Guidelines to be followed by a Java Developer

Every java developer has to follow some standards to develop a good quality-software. In the Coding standards Oracle (Sun) has given some set of rules in java and the developers must follow. Standards lead to consistency and help software engineers avoid common problems. A development environment that uses Java standards has the following advantages:

1. Developers can view any Java software and quickly figure out what is going on.
2. Developers new to Java are spared the need to develop a personal style.
3. Developers make fewer mistakes in consistent environments.
Discussions about the appropriateness of a language feature are reduced at code reviews.
The List of Guidelines given below:
Rule 1: Always place the public class or interface in a file as the first class.
Rule 2: Always use explicit import statement.
Rule 3: Do not use numbers as words in names.
Rule 4: Do not capitalize any letter other than the first for all words in a name.
Rule 5: Use full English descriptors that accurately describe the variable/field/class/interface. For example, use names like firstName, grandTotal, or CorporateCustomer.
Rule 6: Do not remove letters from words, except to create standard short forms.
Rule 7: Do not use the long form of a word when a standard short form exists.
Rule 8: Always include units in a name when the name refers to an entity with units.
Rule 9: Do not use acronyms in names unless the acronym is industry-standard or is defined in user documentation.
Rule 10: Always treat acronyms as words when applying other naming rules.
Rule 11: Always capitalize the first letter of class name.
Rule 12: Do not include any prefix or suffix to indicate that a name is for any specific type.
Rule 13: Do not include anything in a name to indicate that the name is for a class.
Rule 14: Do not include underscores in names, except after a member’s prefix.
Rule 15: Do not pluralize type names except collections.
Rule 16: Use abbreviations sparingly, but if you do so then use then intelligently and document it
For example, to use a short form for the word “number”, choose one of nbr, no or num.
Rule 17: Always starts a method name with a lowercase letter.
Rule 18: Always start method names with a verb.
Rule 19: Always use the following verb opposite pairs when methods perform opposite actions.
Rule 20: Always use the method caller as the frame of reference.
Rule 21: Always include a prefix on field names.
Rule 22: Always ensure that the first letter after a field’s prefix is in lowercase.
Rule 23: Always include white space between a keyword and an open bracket when the keyword occurs first.
Rule 24: Always include white space before and after binary arithmetic, equality, relational, logical, assignment, and bitwise operators.
Rule 25: Do not include white space between a unary operator and its operand.
Rule 26: Do not include white space before the open bracket in a method declaration, method call, open array subscript, or indexer.
Rule 27: Always include white space after a comma.
Rule 28: Always include white space after a semicolon in loop control statements.
Rule 29: Always indent new scope three additional spaces.
Rule 30: Do not use tabs.
Rule 31: Do not ignore checked Exceptions
Rule 32: Always indent the second line and subsequent lines of a multi-line statement an additional six spaces from the first line.
Rule 33: Always break each line of a multi-line statement immediately following a comparison operator.
Rule 34: Always put braces around statement blocks of control statements even if the block is empty or a single line.
Rule 35: Always align an opening brace immediately under the first character of the corresponding keyword.
Rule 36: Always align braces vertically.
Rule 37: Do not nest if/else statements more than 3 levels deep
Rule 38: Do not include more than one statement per line.
Rule 39: Do not include more than one variable declaration per line.
Rule 40: Do not use brackets when a return statement returns a simple value.
Rule 41: Always put every element in an enum definition on a separate line.
Rule 42: Always include a comma after the last value in an enumerated type declaration.
Rule 43: Always indent the case keyword three additional spaces from the corresponding switch statement.
Rule 44: Always comment intentional fall throughs.
Rule 45: Always indent comments at the same level of indentation as the software being documented.
Rule 46: Do not use end-of-line comments.
Rule 47: Always indent end of line comments 3 characters beyond the last character in a statement.
Rule 48: Do not vertically align end-of-line comments.
Rule 49: Do not create methods with more than seven parameters.
Rule 50: Always document restrictions on method parameters
Rule 51: Always check parameters for validity.
Rule 52: Always use exceptions when an invalid parameter is found in a non-private method.
Rule 5: Always use assertions with information expressions to check for invalid parameters private methods.
Rule 54: Do not place a return statement anywhere except as the last line of a method.
Rule 55: Do not use a return statement in a method that returns void.
Rule 56: Do not use a method’s return value to indicate that an unexpected error occurred in the method.
Rule 57: Do not make any member variables public.
Rule 58: Always declare fields before methods or constructors in a class
Rule 59: Always order field declarations based on their access specifier

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